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Location and Boundaries

In the western central region of Thailand, Ratchaburi Province is distinguished by a diverse topography that encompasses the Mae Klong River's level alluvial plains and high mountains. A lengthy frontier between Myanmar and Thailand is formed by the Tenasserim Range. Between latitudes 13°09' N and 13°57' N and longitudes 99°10' E and 100°03' E, the province is situated. This region encompasses 5,196.462 square kilometres, or approximately 3,247,789 rai, and represents 1.01% of the nation. Among Thailand's provinces, it occupies the 42nd position in terms of area. Approximately 100 kilometres from Bangkok, Ratchaburi is accessible via Highway No. 4. Provinces bordering the province include the following:

Northern Border

Adjoins Dan Makham Tia District, Tham Phra District, and Tham Makkha District

in Kanchanaburi Province.

Southern Border

Adjoins Khao Yoi District and Nong Ya Plong District in Phetchaburi Province.

Eastern Border

Adjoins Kamphaeng Saen District, Mueang Nakhon Pathom District, and Sam Phran

District in Nakhon Pathom Province, as well as Ban Phaeo District in Samut Sakhon

Province, and Bang Khonthi District and Amphawa District in Samut Songkhram

Province.

Western Border

Adjoins the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

Topography

The terrain of Ratchaburi Province consists of by a diverse spectrum of four distinct types, despite its predominantly flat and low-lying topography:

1. High mountain regions are distinguished by the presence of dense forests, mixed deciduous forests, arid dipterocarp forests, and bamboo forests. This region is situated in the southern region, adjacent to Phetchaburi Province, and extends southwest along the precipitous Tenasserim Range, bordering the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. It encompasses the western portion of Pak Tho District, Ban Ka District, and portions of Suan Phueng District.

2. Plateau areas are characterized by sloping foothills and undulating terrain, with the Phachi River and its tributaries serving as the main water sources. This region extends from the easternmost point of the mountain ranges to the central region of the province. It includes portions of the following districts: Suan Phueng District, Ban Ka District, Jom Bung District, the western portion of Pak Tho District, Mueang Ratchaburi District, Photharam District, and Ban Pong District.

3. Lowland regions are characterised by loamy and clayey soil that is highly fertile.The eastern region, which encompasses the districts of Mueang Ratchaburi, Ban Pong, Photharam, Bang Pae, and Pak Tho, is primarily located along both branches of the Mae Klong River.

4. Lower Lowland Areas are located in the lower reaches of the Mae Klong River, which connects with Samut Songkhram Province. This region encompasses portions of the Damnoen Saduak District and the Wat Phleng District.

Climate

Ratchaburi Province is influenced by the southwest monsoon from the Indian Ocean. Nevertheless, the Tenasserim Range is extant, resulting in a reduction in rainfall in the areas surrounding the mountains. The wettest month is September, while July and August are highlighted by a significant arid phase. Consequently, Ratchaburi is subjected to three distinct seasons:

1. Rainy Season - There are two distinct rainfall periods. From May to August, the initial period, and from September to mid-November, the second period. At this time, the province is impacted by the monsoon trough, which is descending from the north and colliding with the Tenasserim Range. This results in frequent and intense rainfall, particularly in the districts of Suan Phueng, Ban Ka, Jom Bung, and Photharam. Each year, this frequently results in runoff and inundation from the mountains. The greatest monthly rainfall recorded was 441.5 millimetres in October 2005, as per rainfall data from the Ratchaburi Meteorological Station. 1996 saw the greatest annual rainfall recorded at 1,513.1 millimetres, while 1993 saw the lowest at 902.7 millimetres.

2. Cool Season - From mid-November to mid-February, the mild season is observed. The lowest temperature, 9.8 °C, was registered on December 25, 1999, according to temperature data from the Ratchaburi Meteorological Station.

3. Summer Season - This period extends from February to April. As per the Ratchaburi Meteorological Station's temperature data, the highest temperature ever recorded was 41.5 °C on April 12, 2016.

The province's development strategy involves implementing measures to effectively manage the regions next to the mountain ranges, characterised by limited precipitation. September is the month with the highest precipitation, while July and August are usually associated with arid conditions. The strategy entails the establishment and preservation of water sources and the safeguarding of the province's headwater zones. Furthermore, it considers the creation of water storage facilities that are linked to the main river systems, such as flood retention basins situated adjacent to the river. Water reservoirs will be built in agricultural areas to alleviate the impacts of climate change and protect agricultural productivity.